How Does Machine Espresso Work?

The machine espresso utilizes precision pressure, and machine espresso a filtering system that is awe-inspiring to make the coffee you love. But how exactly does it work?

scott-uk-slimissimo-milk-fully-automaticIn order to make espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name suggests, the group head is the place you place your portafilter while brewing espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter and controls the pressure of the extraction. There are various kinds of group head, each with their particular advantages and drawbacks. Some are specifically designed for temperature stability while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. There are even some that contain a variety of features, such as the E61, which is to be the most popular among baristas because of its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see from the photo above the group head has a number of notches. You place your portafilter inside these notches, and machine espresso then twist the head to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is placed in the notches to make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for precise placement of the portafilter. This is crucial for a consistent extraction.

In addition to allowing you to effortlessly insert your portafilter the group head is also responsible for maintaining a consistent temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is at the right level to extract the coffee. It is important to remember that even a slight deviation can make the difference between a good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps in espresso coffee maker machines rotary provide nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. This is different from manual piston machines which use levers. This pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being pushed through the ground coffee inside the group head.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines, and tend to last longer, but both types of machines can become damaged due to excessive use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can increase the cost of even most basic models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of water to the point of boiling which could lead to excessive extraction. The machines must also constantly rebuild their pressure in between cups. This requires energy and time.

A majority of espresso maker machines utilize either a vibration or rotary pump. A vibration model employs a vibrating disk to generate pressure, while a rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both types of machines can produce an excellent espresso, however the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats water to an ideal temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced is then directed to the portafilter, which holds the espresso grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. During this process the steam generates enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This creates a layer crema that is then poured over. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and how hot the brew is. There are different ways to control the brew as well as the size of the cup that can be made by the machine.

The earliest espresso machines were steam-based. They used a single boiler to make both brew and steam, however, the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure at the most. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is why the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern espresso machine.

The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. These are the images people have when they think of an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic espresso machine, you must grind the beans and then tamp them by hand, but the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great combination of human control and mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually have a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential part of the machine's temperature control, since it helps to prevent overheating.

A filter also helps with flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows beans to release their flavors and provides the chance for better extraction.

However it is crucial to remember that even a great filter can make a terrible cup of coffee machine espresso as the quality of the beans and extraction is crucial.

It's here that the magic happens. This is what makes espresso taste so good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter - the thingy that you use to put the grounds of coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water that is heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water through the grounds of coffee under high pressure. These machines are cheaper and are easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

scott-uk-slimissimo-fully-automatic-beanIn recent years, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump have become increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to force hot water through grounds and are significantly more portable than electric steam-driven machines.
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